Thursday, December 26, 2019

Analysis Of The Poem I Promise - 848 Words

Natalie walks into the hospital room and slowly smiles when she sees Ashlyn s grandmother in the hospital bed. Natalie. It s so good to see you, dear. The matriarch said as she taps Natalie s hand. You too. I was in the neighborhood and decided to check in. Natalie said as she sits down in the chair. I m glad you did. Have you been able to talk to Ashlyn? Slowly. We aren t together, romantically, after what happened in London. But you still love her? I haven t stopped loving her, but she did break my heart. When does your first true love come back? Usually never. Promise me one thing. At least hear Ashlyn out. She regrets leaving that way. I promise. Natalie sees Ashlyn talking to HAO, Alex, and Cheney and she walks over to her. She places her hands on her ex s shoulders and leans down. We need to talk. Natalie whispered. Upstairs? Ashlyn asked. Our room. Cap? Mind watching Allie? No problem. The forward and goalkeeper walk out of room with their teammates watching. Probably going to talk it out? Kelley asked. God, I hope so. Hope said. Ashlyn looks at her ex inside their hotel room and sees uncertainty in her eyes. What did you want to talk about? Ashlyn asked. That day. Ashlyn quietly sighs and sits on the bed as Natalie leans against the desk. I regret leaving you like that. But I got scared. You don t think that I got scared? Ashlyn, you weren t moving across the country. You were moving across theShow MoreRelatedRobert Frost Explication Analysis1266 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry Explication Essay The poem Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening was published in Robert Frost’s New Hampshire in 1924 (Pritchard). The poem is among the most easily recognizable and familiar works written by Frost. On the surface, this poem is a short encounter at the edge of a snowy forest. Perhaps its outer simplicity is what makes the poem stand out in the minds of readers. The straightforward structure and balanced rhyme pattern make it easy to recite and the imagery Frost evokes is bothRead MorePoetry Analysis1035 Words   |  5 PagesJustin Gonzales A Promise to Return Poetry Analysis Essay 3-1-2013 A Promise to Return Is there anybody there?   said the Traveller, knocking on the moonlit door; and his horse in the silence champed the grass of the forests ferny floor (De La Mare, 1-4) and in a dreamlike manner, the scene is set.   The Listeners by Walter Del La Mare is a dark and spooky poem with an unexpected ending.   It is about a traveller who rides through an eerie forest in the middle of the night in search ofRead More Analysis of Robert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening692 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Robert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The poem, â€Å"Stopping by Woods†¦Ã¢â‚¬  speaks of a time that the author paused during a trip to simply enjoy the quiet and beauty of nature. During this short stop, he contemplates mortality and his life so far. Frost also cleverly uses the poems form and sounds to enhance the poem, to entice the readers senses, and immerse them in the scene. With repetitive â€Å"s† and â€Å"h† sounds throughout the poem one can imagineRead MoreAnalysis of Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Diction (i.e. choice of vocabulary) The diction of Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is extremely simple. None of the vocabulary is difficult or unusual, and most of the most of the words are short and plain, for example woods, house, snow, horse. None of the descriptions, either of the setting, or the horse, is detailed or elaborate: the horse is simply, little; the lake is frozen (but we learn nothingRead More Analysis of Robert Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening832 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Robert Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a very well know poem by Robert Frost. The poem appears to be very simple, but it has a hidden meaning to it. The simple words and rhyme scheme of the poem gives it an easy flow, which adds to the calmness of the poem. The rhyme scheme (aaba, bbcb, ccdc, dddd) and the rhythm (iambic tetrameter) give the poem a solid structure. The poem is about the speaker’s experience of stopping by theRead MoreAnalysis of Acquainted with the Night and Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening1471 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper first draft 16th Nov 2011 In a Dark Night, I Find My Answers. The two poems â€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening† and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† written by Robert Frost are very similar to each other because of the simplistic form of language used and the uses of metaphors. When we first read the poem, it looks like an ordinary poem but once we go in depth and understand the meaning, it becomes so much more. Both of the poem has a very dark, gloomy and lonely setting with a reallyRead MoreTennyson Close Analysis1597 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ English Close Reading Analysis The poem Mariana by Alfred, Lord Tennyson was published in 1830 and is the text I have chosen to do closely analyze. The subject matter of the poem was taken from one of Shakespeare’s plays titled â€Å"Measure for Measure†, and the line: â€Å"Mariana in the moated grange,† gave Tennyson the inspiration to write of a young woman waiting for her lover. The two texts share a common theme of abandonment, as in Shakespeare’s play the young woman is also diligently awaitingRead MoreAnalysis of Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening851 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Stopping by woods on a snowy evening Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a very well know poem by Robert Frost. The poem appears to be very simple, but it has a hidden meaning to it. The simple words and rhyme scheme of the poem gives it an easy flow, which adds to the calmness of the poem. The rhyme scheme (aaba, bbcb, ccdc, dddd) and the rhythm (iambic tetrameter) give the poem a solid structure. The poem is about the speaker s experience of stopping by the dark woods inRead MoreWuthering Heights by Silvia Plath. Deconstruction of the Poem.1577 Words   |  7 PagesHeights » is a poem written by an American poet Sylvia Plath and is based on a novel of the same name by Emily Bronte. In order to convey her internal feelings of despair and disappointment, Sylvia uses a certain tone, structure, and a number of stylistic devises. Below is a descriptive analysis of how she manages to do so, and an interpretation of a poem’s meaning stanza by stanza. From the beginning of the first line, Sylvia Plath sets a depressive and negative tone to her poem. â€Å"The horizonsRead MoreWuthering Heights by Silvia Plath. Deconstruction of the Poem.1561 Words   |  7 PagesHeights » is a poem written by an American poet Sylvia Plath and is based on a novel of the same name by Emily Bronte. In order to convey her internal feelings of despair and disappointment, Sylvia uses a certain tone, structure, and a number of stylistic devises. Below is a descriptive analysis of how she manages to do so, and an interpretation of a poem’s meaning stanza by stanza. From the beginning of the first line, Sylvia Plath sets a depressive and negative tone to her poem. â€Å"The horizons

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Challenges Of Immigrating American Dream, And A...

The Challenges of Immigrating Leaving your native country and immigrating to another is something many children experience at a young age. As an infant or toddler, we have no control over what our parents do with us or where they take us, because as an infant we have to trust them. The kids that are brought here are â€Å"Americans in their hearts and minds in every single way but one, on paper are not.† (Sherry) Recently, immigration stories have increasingly been heard from the Latino/chicano population due to political issues. We always hear about people immigrating majorly among two countries, Mexico and the U.S. Many Mexican families migrate to the U.S in search of the so called â€Å"American Dream† and a better education for their†¦show more content†¦She then said, â€Å"I am an immigrant, I was born in Mexico.† At first I really didn’t think much about it because I have numerous family members who are in the same situation. It did not occ ur to me until I was having a conversation with one of my professors, that immigrants from not only Mexico, but from every country have many obstacles to overcome. As I was having this conversation with my professor two people automatically came to mind, my older sister and my Academic Outreach Coordinator, Johanna. As time passed, I began becoming more aware of the struggles immigrants go through, from group talks we would have in our hall. Everyone in my hall would share a story they had and all of the stories had to do with immigration. I started noticing that in every story there was many similarities, such as our family crossing in a car or through the desert. Johanna would usually be the one facilitating these talks and she would do a wonderful job with explaining many things and even sharing her story. I was always very curious about knowing her story more in depth because I believe it s commendable for immigrants to overcome many obstacles. One day I decided it was a perfect time to ask Johanna about her struggles and how her life has been by being an immigrant. I started off by asking something simple, yet deep. â€Å"How did your life change by coming to the U.S.?† I asked. With eager Johanna told me that by coming to the U.S. itShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream1196 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent interpretations of what the American dream is, but most can agree that it is a concept that provides us with the hope for a better life. To some people, the American dream is about being wealthy, practicing liberty, to believe in any religion, and to have better opportunities in life. Throughout history, many immigrants have migrated to America because they want to begin a new life and achieve the American Dream. Many Americans can debate that the American dream is not realistic because the UnitedRead MoreAmerica s The American Dream1277 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpretations of what the American dream is, but we all can agree that it is a concept that provides us with the hope for a better life. It is a dream of experiencing life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To some people, the American dream is about being wealthy, practicing liberty, to believe in any religion, and to have better opportunities in life. Throughout history, many immigrants have migrated to America because they want to begin a new life and achieve the American Dream. Many can debateRead MoreThe American Dream Is Existent1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the American Dream is existent. Fifty-eight percent agreed that â€Å"the American Dream has become impossible for most people to achieve.† Canadians have reached this verdict for a very simple reason: It’s true. Obtaining a living wage, retirement security, and the opportunity for one s children to receive a post-secondary education are now nearly impossible. And it is only getting worse. As North America grows in population and wealth, more individuals believe that the American Dream can beRead MoreImmigration And Illegal Immigration1106 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration has played an important role throughout American history. What fundamentally sets America apart from other nations is the foundation that it was created by immigrants seeking a better life for themselves and their children (Camarota Zeigler, 2016). During times of economic growth, laborers have been imported, an d deported during recessions (Flores, 2016). An average of 1.1 million immigrants relocate to the United States annually (Storesletten, 2000). US Customs and Border Control officialsRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1989 Words   |  8 PagesFor many who lived through it, the late 1900s, especially the 1980s, was a very tough time for Americans and immigrants alike. While America had to focus on repairing its country from the Vietnam War, a population surge, and the AIDS epidemic, immigrants were suffering from the xenophobic laws passed by American congress. The Haitian people, for instance, were running to America to get away from government tyranny and a severe economic depression, only to be turned away on a technicality. Even ifRead More`` My Favorite Chaperone `` By Jean Davies Okimoto1185 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica? Do you ever wonder how much effort and time it takes to get here? Immigrants play a major role in the U.S. They come here for various reasons as far as star ting an enterprising business, an ideal marriage, or pursue their education career. They come across challenges when they come here. In class, we ve read the books, My Favorite Chaperone by the author Jean Davies Okimoto, Bonne Annà ©e by Jean-Pierre Benoit, and A Place to Call Home by Scott Bittle and Jonathan Rochkind. These passagesRead MoreA Young Man s Dream2008 Words   |  9 PagesA Young Man’s Dream NARRATIVE It was a shivery cloudy Sunday evening in my faded baby blue house. I was slouched on my old green couch with my father beside me. While interviewing my father, Jose sixty-three years old and brown skinned, and his hair short; mixed with gray and black. He was wearing a black polyester sweater with red stripes and underneath a green washed out shirt, his usual blue jeans, and regular brown dress up shoes. A person who doesn’t care what he wears because he goes for comfortRead MoreAmerica Is A Country Of Freedom2427 Words   |  10 Pagesnon-Americans. As Americans, the Bill of Rights grants each of us native-born Americans with certain freedoms. For example, we have the freedom of religion, the freedom of assembly, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of petition, and freedom to bear arms. In addition to these freedoms, we also have the freedom to receive a free public education. As a future educator, this freedom directly affects me as it coincides with my chosen profession. The right to a free public education appliesRead MoreAnalysis Of El Otro Lado, The Other Side By Reyna Grande1639 Words   |  7 Pagesand American societies, in order to draw the reader into her world. Through literary devices, Grande makes the reader to identify with her immigration story even if they are not Mexicans or immigrants. The Story is real to everyone since rhetoric makes it relatable. Grande’s use of Spanish conveys how people tend to see others whose parents have immigrated or relocate into another country. Parents often take the decision to come to â€Å"El Otro Lado, the other side†(4) in order to have a better lifeRead MoreEquality in America3947 Words   |  16 PagesDiversity is an issue that Americans have dealt with in the past, are currently dealing with, and will deal with in the future. Simply because America is tolerant of such a wide variety of people, does that mean that all people living in America are treated equally? The Declaration of Independence states that all men are created equal (The National, 2006);however, certain groups do not find this to be accurate. For generations, women, African Americans, and Mexican Americans have not been equal and

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Social Environment Essay Example For Students

Social Environment Essay Social Environment and Its Effect On Ones LifeSocial environment is influenced by ones power and wealth. This, inturn, determines success or failure in peoples lives. If one were born with asilver spoon in his mouth, he would easily be able to attend a fancy school nomatter how intelligent he is or have any luxury he wants just because of powerand wealth. On the flip side, if one were born to a poor family in a badneighborhood infested with violence and drugs, he would have a much smallerchance of succeeding in life, more especially, going to an upper-class school. It is hard for many poor to go to college because of such high tuitioncosts. Scholarships are available; but, even though one shows financial need,one still has to have a high grade point average and test scores. Even if onehas a good mind, trying to study in a gang-ridden neighborhood with constantgunfire isnt easy. With both parents working two jobs, there isnt any parentalguidance. Whereas, the affluent, even if busy or working, have the means toinsure that their children are supervised and well taken care of. The rich alsohave the luxury of affording special tutors to help their children while otherchildren are on their own. For example, there are three students, one from a clean, upper-classcommunity, another from a small, middle-class suburb and the other from agraffiti-ridden slum. All three of these students have exceptional GPAs andscored very well on standardized testing. The student from the upper-classcommunity will have the best chance of succeeding. Tuition will never be aproblem and chances are that those parents have some pull because of who theyare. The middle-class student wont have a great problem but there is still thefact of paying tuition, which would limit the options quite a bit. One may besmart enough to get grants but the family makes too much money. Also, if hesought admission into a prestigious school and it came down to the student orsomeone richer, the middle-class student would probably lose out. Some of themany reasons for this are that the affluent family will most likely have been analumni to that particular school. If not, they will have better connections andwill have a mo re impressive letter of recommendation written for the student. However, the lower-class student would have a much rougher time. Even with goodgrades, he might lack the opportunities that others may have. Tuition isdefinitely a problem and with an overworked guidance counselor, a problem of apoorer school system, scholarship information might be missing. Most importantly,there would be a decided lack of motivation on the part of the school, familyand maybe even the student. I am not saying that social environment is the definitive factor insomeones lifetime accomplishments. It is common knowledge that it is difficultto get out of a bad situation such as growing up without any of the advantagesothers have, but many have managed. There is a way out, it just takes a strongmind and a strong will to do so. If someone is intelligent enough, they can tryto go out and grab the recognition they deserve. Social environment as a determining agent is definitely a human-madeforce. In society, the poor are regarded with contempt or completely ignoredwhile the rich are seen as having the authority over everything. The poor areseen as undeserving, therefore, not receiving much of an education, if any. Inany society, there are always the strong and the weak; and, in this case, theweak are portrayed as the poor by the rest of society. Some feel that the weakin our society should be eliminated because they are no more than mere pests,irritating the rest of society. .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f , .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .postImageUrl , .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f , .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f:hover , .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f:visited , .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f:active { border:0!important; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f:active , .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7555c83bc34954fd8f8ea82ab79dfb4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Harriet tubman 3 EssayIn my opinion, there isnt much to be done to change the way societythinks. As long as the elite control businesses and schools, they will stillhave the authority over what the public thinks and does. The best thing to haveis a positive outlook on all situations and never stop trying. If one nevergives up, one can achieve his goal no matter how unreal it may seem at the time. The most important thing is never to let society get in the way. One must notfall prey to societys evils and give up. If there were to be a solution, it would have to be bringing more jobsback into this great country of ours. Too many people are out of work becausethe greedy owners of companies are taking jobs away from American workers andgiving them to foreigners who are paid next to nothing for intense labor. Thereis also a lack of good, well-educated teachers. Many of the bad neighborhoods,where the above-mentioned lower class live, are uneducated because there is ashortage of teachers to give them guidance. If schools were cleaned up and ridof all the violence, then more teachers would be willing to teach there. All ofthese goals will be difficult to achieve and will take much time and patience tocomplete. In not too many years, the generation of tomorrow will be the generationof the present. If everyone is open minded, then perhaps the ideas of the pastwill change and the poor will be considered human beings. But until then,society remains the same and will be very difficult to change. In conclusion, Ihave a very optimistic opinion of the future and the way the poor are treated. It will take concerted effort and cooperation on behalf of everyone but I thinkit can be done if everyone puts their minds to it. Sociology Essays

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Gloaming free essay sample

Laird wanted to get to know about his mother in ways he had never talked before. Laird didn’t have a strong relationship with his father, in the story it said that his father was always busy doing work, and studying. â€Å"Fathers in many families are mysterious, distant, intimidating figures-even more so for boys with homosexual attractions. They are the family torchbearers of manliness, and, as males young and old know, homosexuality is considered the dreaded opposite of masculinity† (Psychology Today). Laird thinks he has disappointed his father. His mother makes up excuses for why he is always so busy, yet she wonders herself why he won’t spend time with them or even her dying son. She tells Laird that he wants him to get better, and Laird says that he will have to disappoint him again, because he knows he is dying. When Laird clings to his mother, and never talks to his father this is a big red flag. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gloaming or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 26% of adolescent gay males report having to leave home as a result of conflicts with their family over their sexual orientation (Gay). Laird probably could have lived with his parents his whole life if he wanted to, but being gay he wouldn’t be able to bring other men home. After Laird passed, Janet got a letter in the mail from one of Laird’s male friends. He was the only one to write to her about how sorry he was, how he knew Laird, and that he would miss him. This makes the reader think that this was Laird’s past love. You can tell a lot about a person just by their character. Laird never brought females home to his parents when he was growing up and he never talked about girls. When Laird and his mother were trying to get rekindle and strengthen their relationship before he passed his mother asked Laird if he had ever been in love. Laird answered yes, and his mother never asked with whom, or wanted details, she was happy that he had found love in his life. Another characteristic that may show the reader that laird was gay was when he was a young boy. At a young age Laird would bring his mother flowers from the garden. This shows the famine side of Laird, showing he could have been gay at birth. â€Å"Gay male adolescents report becoming aware of a distinct feeling of being different between ages 5-7; they also report that they did not yet connect this feeling to the issue of sexuality† (Gay). Most young males will bring their mothers rocks, frogs, and even snakes. When Dark described Laird’s physical characteristics it appeared that Laird had an illness. The way Dark portrays Laird’s sickness makes the reader believe that he is dying of AIDS. Laird is always cold, and his mother brings him blankets to keep him warm and comfortable. Laird’s mother asks Laird if she can get him anything, and he replies with a new immune system. â€Å"Approximately 20% of all persons with AIDS are 20-29 years old† (Gay Family Support). HIV is a lentivirus, and like all viruses of this type, it attacks the immune system. The name lentivirus literally means slow virus because they take such a long time to produce any adverse effects in the body (Avert). HIV then turns into AIDS, and then your body is always fighting its self and you end up dying. When Laird admits that he wants a new immune system it is another red flag. Dark described Laird’s eyes as dull, and showed her readers that he never had much of an appetite. When someone has AIDS, they don’t have much of an appetite and they lose weight and become weak (Sahaya). Laird was very weak in the last week of being alive, he went to grab his cup of juice and had spilled it all over him. There is enough evidence that Laird was gay and died of AIDS. In the short story â€Å"In the Gloaming† by Alice Elliot Dark, Dark portrays the main character, Laird as a gay male dying of AIDS. All the evidence above shows that Laird’s relationships, his health, and his overall character come across as feminin. Work Cited Gay, Lesbian, amp; Bi Teens: Students amp; Schools. Web. May 11, 2011. http://www. lambda. rg/Gay_student_facts. htm Psychology Today.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

A Brief History of Slot Machines

A Brief History of Slot Machines According to Legal Slots, the term slot machines was originally used for all automatic vending machines as well as for the gambling devices, it was not until the 20th century that the term became restricted to the latter. A fruit machine is one British term for a slot machine. The one-armed bandit is another popular nickname. Charles Fey Liberty Bell The first mechanical slot machine was the Liberty Bell, invented in 1895 by car mechanic, Charles Fey (1862–1944) of San Francisco. The Liberty Bell slot machine had three spinning reels. Diamond, spade, and heart symbols were painted around each reel, plus the image of a cracked Liberty Bell. A spin resulting in three Liberty Bells in a row gave the biggest payoff, a grand total of fifty cents or ten nickels. The original Liberty Bell slot machine can still be seen be at the Liberty Belle Saloon Restaurant in Reno, Nevada. Other Charles Fey machines include the Draw Power, and Three Spindle and the Klondike. In 1901, Charles Fey invented the first draw poker machine. Charles Fey was also the inventor of the trade check separator, which was used in the Liberty Bell. The hole in the middle of the trade check allowed a detecting pin to distinguish fake nickels or slugs from real nickels. Fey rented his machines to saloons and bars based on a 50/50 split of the profits.​ Demand for Slot Machines Grows The demand for Liberty Bell slot machines was huge. Fey could not build them fast enough in his small shop. Gambling supply manufacturers tried to buy the manufacturing and distribution rights to the Liberty Bell, however, Charles Fey refused to sell. As a result in 1907, Herbert Mills, a Chicago manufacturer of arcade machines, began production of a slot machine, a knock-off of Feys Liberty Bell, called the Operator Bell. Mills was the first person to place fruit symbols: i.e. lemons, plums, and cherries on machines. How The Original Slots Worked Inside each cast iron slot machine there were three metal hoops called reels. Each reel had ten symbols painted on it. A lever was pulled that spun the reels. When the reels stopped, a jackpot was awarded if three of a kind of symbol lined up. The payoff in coinage was then dispensed from the machine. Age of Electronics The first popular electric gambling machine was the 1934 animated horse race machine called PACES RACES. In 1964, the first all-electronic gambling machine was built by Nevada Electronic called the 21 machine. Other all electronic versions of gambling games followed including ones for dice, roulette, horse racing, and poker (Dale Electronics Poker-Matic was very popular). In 1975, the first electronic slot machine was built by the Fortune Coin Company.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Armstrong State University Admissions - Costs and More

Armstrong State University Admissions - Costs and More Armstrong Atlantic State University Admissions Overview: To apply to Armstrong State, students need to submit an application online, by following the directions on the schools website. Students must also submit test scores from either the SAT or ACT. While scores from both tests are accepted, slightly more students submit scores from the SAT. With an acceptance rate of 80%, the school is not considered selective, and students with high grades and test scores have a good shot of being admitted.   Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Armstrong State University Acceptance Rate: 80%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 450 / 550SAT Math: 440 / 530SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 19 / 23ACT English: 18  / 23ACT Math: 18  / 23What these ACT numbers mean Armstrong Atlantic State University Description: Armstrong Atlantic State University is a public, four-year institution in Savannah, Georgia. Located 25 miles from Tybee Island Beach, the 268-acre campus supports over 7,000 students with a student/faculty ratio of 18 to 1. Armstrong offers over 100 academic programs across its colleges of Education, Liberal Arts, Health Professions, Science and Technology, and Graduate Studies. Students are highly engaged outside of the classroom, and Armstrong is home to more than 80 student clubs and organizations including a Karate Club, Science Fiction/Fantasy Club, and the Philosophical Debate Group. The university also has a wide variety of intramural sports such as Inner Tube Water Polo, Sports Trivia, and a Corn Hole Tournament, as well an active Greek life with four fraternities and six sororities. The AASU Pirates compete in the NCAA Division II Peach Belt Conference (PBC); the universitys men’s and women’s tennis teams have recently won three Division II Championships. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 7,157  (6,397 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 34% Male / 66% Female74% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $5,360 (in-state); $15,616 (out-of-state)Books: $1,573  (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,176Other Expenses: $3,587Total Cost: $20,696  (in-state); $30,952 (out-of-state) Armstrong Atlantic State University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 90%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 79%Loans: 57%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,199Loans: $5,878 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, English, Health Sciences, Liberal Studies, Nursing, PsychologyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 74%Transfer Out Rate: 27%4-Year Graduation Rate: 13%6-Year Graduation Rate: 31% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Golf, Basketball, Baseball, Cross Country, Track and Field, TennisWomens Sports:  Soccer, Softball, Volleyball, Tennis, Golf, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Armstrong ASU, You May Also Like These Schools: Applicants interested in a similar-sized school that is also located in Georgia should consider such schools as Valdosta State University, Emory University, Columbus State University, and Clayton State University. These schools vary in term of selectivity- Emory is quite selective, while the others are more accessible. Students interested in a school with a strong athletic program should consider  Flagler College, UNC Pembroke, Lander University, and Francis Marion University, all of which are in the same NCAA conference as Armstrong.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Reflection 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection 8 - Essay Example Land conservation efforts and environmental conservation efforts aimed at leading the world towards an environment where each person plays a responsible role in leading to protection of the environment. The writer advocates people to look at eating as agricultural act rather than an agricultural product that many people consider it as. (Berry, p.65) Specialization in production is an aspect that is considered to lead to specialization in consumption through which some species can survive the wrath of man and hence sustenance. The dependent nature of the populations on the consumption of agricultural products has an effect on the environmental activities that take place in the world. Most of the consumption is on products essential to man and hence the difficulty in protecting the species and ensuring that environmental efforts in conservation prove successful. The consumption levels differ and the efforts to introduce genetically modified foods indicate the desperate measures of the human population in dealing with the environmental effects and in trying to prepare for a total food lack. These indicate the pleasure of eating that people are working hard to protect and hence leaving the world at risk of more environmental

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

SMART criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SMART criteria - Essay Example The motion detectors shall be installed to sense whenever there seems to be activity in the room. This will avoid instances of switching on light in an empty room. Whenever there is motion in the room the switching system shall be in standby mode. Light detectors shall then be engaged when the level of light reduces which shall turn the lights on. Motion detectors shall be the primary switching control to put the switching system on standby mode. The motion detector shall be installed by using laser technology to enable sensory of even the smallest movements within a room (Fraden, 267). The light detectors will be the secondary switching level turning on the lights when low levels of light are detected in the occupied room. Measurability The progress of the project shall be based on the set timetable for the plan. Each step in the installation of the switching system shall be analyzed before going forward to the next step. The first step has been laid down as wiring the house. This w ill be done to ensure the circuit is well placed and in the desirable manner. This step is expected to consume the most time as it involves a lot of physical work. The goals of the plan shall be measured against the time laid down for the expected progress. The installation of the circuit should adhere to the installation standards (Linsley, 144). These include the wiring safety codes and the color codes used internationally. Other national standards shall also be applied in measuring the suitability of the installation of the systems. Comparing the setting of the switching system with the set standards shall provide a platform for measuring the conformity to standards. This will ensure that the end product not only works perfectly, but is also safe and conforms to set standards. Attainability The need to install the switching system arises from the desire to switch off unnecessary light. The aim of installing this new system will be to ensuring regulation in the amount of wasted en ergy. Providing a proper control to the usage of light shall immensely reduce the costs incurred from energy related bills. Evidence exists to show that this method can be able to save up to 25% of the energy consumption, reducing energy costs by a similar margin (Klaus D. John, 97). This regulation will occur by providing a system that allows for usage of light only when necessary. The number of lights left on overnight shall also be minimized by using this system. If an individual leaves a room without switching the lights off, the timer shall automatically switch the lights off. This occurs after motion detectors fail to detect any activity in the room. Excess lighting in the rooms shall also be reduced by the light sensors as they control the amount of light allowed into a room at any time. Realistic The proposed system provides an avenue for saving a lot of energy costs. This shall translate into reduced energy bills for the house. The installation of this system is viable as a way of relieving the owners of the house from the high costs of electricity and lighting. Achievement of this shall be through efficient management of the lighting by using switching system that is automated (Reed, 245). The system continues to be employed in many establishments like hotels, and desirable outcomes have been realized. If the same system is utilized within the scope of this house, similar results can also be realized. This lighting system can immensely reduce the time taken by people moving round to switch lights in places

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Philosophy - Is Memory Reliable Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Is Memory Reliable Essay How would I prove that my memory or reasoning processes are reliable? There really is no good way to answer this question. My first thought was, well that should be easy, because I can prove my memory is reliable by the fact that I remember where class is every day that I show up. If I can remember where the classroom is, that must show my memory is reliable. But then I realized that I’m relying on a memory to come up with that example. This makes the question seem like a paradox to even try and answer, because in order to figure out if there is a way to prove my memory is reliable, I must use my memory to recall memories that might apply, and I must also assume the accuracy of the memories I might draw from as example. I cannot prove memory reliability by using logic drawn from the assumption that the memories I used are reliable. This seems to create a fallacy in logic before even getting started. In reality it seems easy to say that yes, although our memories are sometimes wrong, generally more often than not they are right. We know this because we recall from our memory many times each day to do the simplest tasks. If our memory was that flawed, we would be unable to survive on a day to day basis. Where do I get water? How do I get food? How do I drive a car? While this does show that we are able to rely on our memories to complete everyday tasks, it doesn’t prove our memory is consistently true. We cannot be sure that any memory we’ve ever had actually happened exactly the way we remember it (unless material sources are used, like video or pictures to back up the memory) because of a multitude of problems with memory like delusion and distortion. Memories can be easily manipulated and altered in many different ways, from simple re-telling where little details may be unwittingly changed each time a memory is told, to the power of suggestion in which an entirely false memory can be implanted into a persons mind and believed to be true by that person. Although these memories may seem very real to us, even to the point where we are willing to fight for their reliability, they are still factually false. This actually happens a lot! Although it practice these issues with memory exist, they are mostly ignored because we typically use other methods beyond memory alone to help collaborate what we remember. We are validated by others who share the same memory, photos, ect. So although in a philosophical world it seems impossible to find solid clear evidence that memory is truly reliable, but it seems silly, and even dangerous to continually doubt that memory can be reliably called upon. For example, I decide to cross the road without looking both ways because I cannot be sure that being hit by a car would kill me. I might have seen and heard of people being killed by cars in the past, but if I doubt my own memory how could I be sure that speeding cars have the potential to actually kill people. Because of this seemingly correct logic I might then be hit by a car and become a victim of what many would say is clear common sense. So although there is no good way to prove the reliability of memory, we must still rely on it all the same.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Why the Cold War developed by 1949 Essays -- essays research papers

By 1949, the Cold War had developed in many ways since 1945. The most significant factor to the development of the Cold War since the end of World War II, was the building of the Iron Curtain in 1946 which divided the communists countries of Eastern Europe from the non-communist countries of the West and considerably contributed to the hostilities between the West and the USSR. Other reasons why Cold War had developed by was because of the different ideology to begin with, the Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine, the Berlin Blockade, the sphere of influence and the NATO, which united the Western powers. The most important reason why the Cold War had developed by 1949 was because of the building of the Iron Curtain, which divided the Communist east, from the non-communist West. This was significant because it was the first huge action adding to the growing opposition between the USA and the USSR and made it impossible for the West to intervene in Stalin?s Communist plans. Stalin was able to gain such control behind the Iron Curtain because the West had agreed to the ?Sphere of Influence? and most of the countries were war-torn, poor and chaotic and communists were already there. This lead to the making of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Act. The Truman Doctrine was relatively significant in developing the Cold War, and came about because of the worry about Stalin taking over Eastern Europe. The Truman Doctrine was a rule made in 1947 in response to the recent communist takeover of Eastern Europe, to contain communism. This meant that the USA would support any nation who was in danger of being taken over by communism, with money, equipment and advice. The financial side of the Truman Doctrine was agreed in the Marshall Plan i... ...ngthened the Western side and meant that if an attack was made on the West, the countries would support each other. However, although this weakened the Eastern side, between 1948 and 1949, the Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb, meaning that the arms race was about to begin. In conclusion, in between 1945 and 1949, the Cold War had significantly developed mainly because of the increasing hostilities between the East and West. By 1949, the arms race had begun and Stalin had created the Iron Curtain to divide Communist Eastern Europe and non-communist Western Europe. The three sectors of Germany had united and had gained a good reputation for helping the Berliners in the Berlin Blockade. The Marshall Plan lead to the forming of Cominform and this retaliation sets the pattern for the rest of the Cold War, because of the idea of ?one-upmanship?.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Reflective Report on Group Work

Reflection on group work Project Content |Page | |Content |2 | |Introduction |3 | |The Group |3 | |My role in the Group |4 | |Difficult encountered during the group work |5 | |The Presentation |7 | |Conclusion |8 | |References |9 | Introduction When effective group management and high organisation skills are applied, group work can bring students a wide range of skills and abilities related to people and problem solving. Group work demonstrates student’s capacity to communicate effectively, share and consider opinions, establish trust, analyse the group process, resolve conflicts and also develop their creativity. However, the constructive learning and beneficial results does not always come as a result of group work. For instance, if the students can not perceive the objective of the group work in order to achieve a common goal, or to lay back or believe that the work load can be relied on other members of the group making the individual work less and still get an equal grade, the educational benefits can result in frustration and arguments as well as leading the whole group to a state of stress and anxiety. This essay reflects on my own participation towards ‘Lush Project’ as a project director, also how I contributed in interpreting  and  researching  the  Lush  Brief,  as  well  as my participation with the  final  presentation. It also discusses the difficulties that emerged throughout the group work; things that went well regards to the preparation and the areas that could have been improved upon. The Group A group can be defined in various ways, for instance; Charles Handy (1993, p. 150) identified a group as â€Å"any collection of people who perceive themselves to be a group† in order to interact with one another. The group then is likely to go through a number of structures which cover forming the group, the group passing from an undeveloped concept to a mature conception then going through a â€Å"variety of stages from mutual acceptance and membership to control and organisation† (Culliname, J. , 2007, p. 628)). My group went though the ‘Tuckman’ structure which is defined as ‘forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning’. Forming – initially the group was formed of seven students from the same class. There was no deliberation as to who would be in what group. There were only seven in the class and we were given the assignment to research the company ‘Lush’ and from our findings we were to stage and run a successful and unique event on behalf of the company. In this stage, the individuals start to know the other members of the group and the group is uncertain of the prospective tasks and there are no rules for the group work leading to a lack of focus and interest. At the norming stage a clearer guideline was given, individuals had the chance to choose the roles in the group and procedures were taken from there. The group consisted of a Project Director, two Logistics Managers, an Account Director, a Finance director and two Creative Directors where all had to come across to an agreement of a name for the group ‘Essence Events’ and where each individual group member would pitch an idea to the rest of the group. At this stage emotion was shown and excitement expressed towards the work we had to do. A timetable for regular meetings was given to each individual of the group by the project director and at each meeting’s ‘minutes’ were taken by one member of the group in order to keep track of the work that had been done. Then comes the performing where the team knew each other and structure and guideline were clear and cohesive. The team now focused on a common goal of developing the ideas for the ‘Lush’ event. At the beginning of this stage, all members of the group were getting together regularly and were constructing and expanding ideas for the project as well as for the presentation. However, unfortunately the group did not stay this way for very long. Distraction and lack of interest emerged bringing the whole group down to anxiety and disagreement. I as group leader was rather unsuccessful in putting the team together and in demanding more of a serious commitment from them. At this stage, the group should have been able to have delivered a successful project in the form of a presentation. Instead, all the hard work that had been done was diverted into a lack of interest and commitment resulting in a negative consequence. The final stage is the adjourning, where ‘Essence Events’ group disbanded. The idea should be that the group dispersing should get together again and reflect on the group work and see what went well and what did not go well and what should we have done differently. In this case, each member of the group was asked to reflect on the group work on their own which might bring more benefit as an individual. My Role in the Group According to Culliname, J. (2007, p. 566), a leader â€Å"aim to influence and guide others into pursuing particular objectives or visions of the future and to stimulate them into waiting to follow†. A project director has the same principle of leader in the sense of being able to conduct tasks successfully, maintaining teamwork and have a democratic participation leadership on the project. At the outset, as the project director I felt that I would fit into the role easily and would be able to distribute different roles to each member of the group. However, I was on a steep learning curve where I would find out that as group leader not only are you expected to have your own ideas to pitch to the group, but you are expected to salvage the group when an idea goes horribly wrong and the group then turns to you for guidance and a solution of how to rectify such problems. Not only was the actual academic side of the group a shock, but the outside organisation of the group proved to be tough as well. Trying to pin down each member of the group to turn up at a particular time at a particular place was a whole other project in itself as of course each member had other work pieces to deal with at the same time, which needed the same amount of due care and attention as the ‘Lush’ event presentation required. When separating responsibilities and separate individual projects to each member of the group I was well aware that not only did the writing and research need to be done but we needed to go to ‘Lush’ stores themselves in order to gather further research information to then take back to the group and compile our findings together to make a firm research file from which we could then discuss and sort what was considered to be primary information and what was secondary information. What we did was with each visit to the ‘Lush’ stores we would divide up the responsibilities and each person was responsible for gathering the respective information. The branches of research were mainly creativity, marketing, pricing, PH, promotion and target market. For instance, the marketing section one observation that the group made is that the door to the shop was always open. This was so that the smell of the products would reach the public outside and therefore attract their attention and ultimately attract consumers into the store to purchase the ‘Lush’ products. When we pitched our ideas to the group, one of the group members suggested that we should run the ‘Lush’ event based on the four seasons (winter, summer, autumn and spring). Each section included the right smell of the particular season, the right colour, such as darker heavier colours for the winter seasons and brighter colours for spring and summer. We emphasised the fact that ‘Lush’ does not carry out any tests on animals and that all their products are environmentally friendly and are also all natural products. Difficult encountered during the group work As with any group or team project it is inevitable that at some point throughout the time together there will be a minor or a major hurdle. This being that either one of the group members does not agree with a particular pitch or strongly disagrees with another person’s idea(s). They may even simply not get along with another member of the group. In the ‘Lush’ situation all group members seemed to get along at the beginning, however, soon disagreement and arguments started to emerge on the event’s topic and meetings. As a general rule the ideas for the project were usually chosen by the majority vote of the group. The problems that we as a group faced were ones that we would generally expect to encounter. We as a group suffered from people not attending meetings. This could be down to lack of organisation, however, it is unlikely that this was the case as all members of the group were aware of the time, date and location of the meeting. Some members simply did not turn up and failed to let the rest of the group who had turned up know that they would not be coming. This ultimately could be said down to the group leader, however, the leader can only do so much as the leader cannot be expected to force other members to turn up. As leader I could only send messages, emails and give phone calls and state the importance of the meeting but, could not make the individual turn up. Another problem we faced was as mentioned earlier; there was a lack of interest from certain members, and this pushed its way through the group and affected others as they began to become irritated with the members of the group who, when they would turn up, not doing any work. This issue I addressed as I took the respective group members aside and both explained the situation that they were putting the group in and asked what it was in particular they were not interested in. It became apparent that it was not the idea that they were not interested in, more the fact they simply did not want to share the workload, as they would not turn up to the meetings and hence cause the other members who did turn up to take on their work that they had not done as well as their own part of the project. Being anxious of not being able to complete the project in time for the presentation a few of the group members decided to starting putting the project together even though it seemed to be a lot of work to do for just a few members of the team. Just three days before the presentation all group members seemed to be interested about the work again and a vast improvement was made and the members who previously had failed to turn up, turned up to what was supposed to be the last meeting and the work was again shared â€Å"equally† and finished . This although seemingly positive in the short term for the group project, was relatively short lived as it had come too late and there was a lot of ground to cover in order to deliver our presentation. This created the problem that there was not as much time as we had hoped for. The Presentation The last minute work reflected in our final presentation because as a result there was a distinct lack of practice for the final presentation. The problems during the actual presentation were that due to the lack of practice there was no real deliverance of each member’s part as they had not pre-read their material beforehand and in effect, the actual presentation was more of a reading practice than of the finished article. Our first main practice was about a few hours before the final presentation was due and this was where I as group leader had to explain that I had told the members that this was the situation that we would be in if we carried on the way we were going three weeks prior to the presentation date. This led to a select few of us being able to deliver our part in a professional way, however, rendering the remainder of the project unfinished. We started late as one member who was responsible for the budgeting aspect of our project had failed to complete final checks on their display and as a result during the presentation their part failed to initialise causing a major delay whilst they left and went to go and print off their part to present. Upon reflection, the above situations were somewhat out of my control as group leader as I could not force the members of the group to turn up and do their part, also being unable to reach the other members due to them not answering my messages or simply not answering phone calls left the rest of the group in a hard situation as we were unaware as to whether they were doing their part of the project. These issues as aforementioned were out of my control somewhat, however, I feel that my role as project director was not fully satisfied as I did not quite deliberate responsibilities as much as I might possibly have wanted to if given the same opportunity again. There were many ideas from the group at the outset of the project, however, there was no real development of these ideas and this may have been what caused the lack of guidance from the project leader. Also as group leader it is a challenging situation to be in as it is easy to be forceful and blunt at the beginning of the project, however, I chose perhaps too soft an approach for too long a period and this is what perhaps led to some of the group members failing to keep up to date. Upon reflection, we as a group did deliver our presentation; however, it was not as good as what we originally thought when compiling our ideas. There was a lot of potential for the group and the idea of the ‘Four Seasons’ was something that we felt as a group would enable us to succeed in our endeavours as a group. However, if I am to perform my role correctly, must shoulder the responsibility as it was up to me to have directed the ideas much more thoroughly, and if given the opportunity again, I would most definitely do so, as good judgment comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgment. For the final presentation, I gave the idea and it was accepted by the group that we should use a flip chart as this mirrored the fact that ‘Lush’ also used natural products. We used a lot of visual representation as we felt that this would be a much more observer friendly method of communicating our ideas across. The pictures that we used were all from magazine cut-outs. At the presentation, we did not have just one sole speaker, each member of the group spoke on their respective areas of responsibility. Myself and another member of the group gave the main introduction to the presentation and a small introduction to each speaker. Due to the lack of practice I was very anxious and tense resulting in a bad opening and followed by the other member of the group. The timing was very accurate and the presentation ended with a simple but effective conclusion followed by answering all direct questions made by the panel. In order to have delivered a better presentation the group should have had better commitment to what the original aim of the group was at the outset of the project. Critically, the leader should have relayed a better understanding of what was expected in order to complete our presentation to a high professional standard. Conclusion According to J. F. Benson (1987, p. 1) Group work in practice â€Å" refers to the conscious, disciplined, and systematic use of knowledge about the processes of collective human interaction, in order to intervene in an informed way, or promote some desired objective in a group setting. † In our group’s presentation, the idea of disciplined knowledge was what we as a group failed to achieve as we were unable to have the entire group in one place every time we arranged a time to meet. Although groups generally elect a leader, there are as always exceptions to the general rule. A group is a team, a democracy, not a dictatorship. A group needs to have its own ideas and aims, so that a high level of morale is maintained throughout the group. If there is one person who decides upon everything with no concept of what it is like to function as a team, the team will fail, due to a lack of interest and commitment. A team needs to work together, else it will fall short of what a group is all about, and a team has more than one person within it. References Benson, J. F. (1987), Working more Creatively with Groups, Routledge. Brandler, S. and Roman, P. C. (1999), Group Work: Skills and Strategies for Effective Interventions, 2sd Edition, The Haworth Press Inc. Culliname, J. (2007), Working in Organisations: A Compilation of Resources for the University of Greenwich, 2sd Edition, A Person Custom Publication. Handy, C. (1993), Understanding Organisations, Harmondsworth, Penguin Book.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Changes in China During the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties Essay

China’s development had started at a very early point in human history and continued to grow through millennium until the collapse of the Han Dynasty in 221. When China reunified it experienced political, social, and economical changes over a period of 700 years and 3 dynasties. Those dynasties were the Sui, Tang, and Song. The Sui Dynasty, founded by Yang Jian in 581, was responsible for unifying China for the first time in 400 years. The capital was re-established at Chang’an . Yang Jian turned Chinese religion from Confucianism to Buddhism and Daoism. The strength of both belief systems were evident as monasteries for both were built in the capital and Buddhist monks were appointed as key advisers in the government. A major accomplishment of the Sui Dynasty was the construction of the Grand Canal. The Canal linked the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers and provided for political, social, and economic uses. Politically, the Canal was used as an imperial highway for the emperor to inspect the kingdom and used as a means to rapidly deploy troops to the various provinces. The Canal was used socially for quick communications throughout the country. It also facilitated shipments of grains, rice, and other needed commodities from rural south China to the over-populated northern region. The Sui Dynasty came to an end in 618 after Emperor Sui Yangdi’s murder. Li Yuan, a general under the Sui, took control of the empire during the instability that followed the murder and established the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty began in 618 and continued to build on the accomplishments of the Sui. The main feature of the Tang was the expansion of the Chinese empire. The Dynasty expanded their influence over the area south of the Yangtze River and took control of Tibet. The Xinjiang province was established in the northwestern section of the empire. Significant diplomatic and economic relations began between China and other country-states in Southeast Asia. Chang’an had been restored to its former self as the population numbered 2,000,000 and goods from all over the world were bountiful. The Tang reintroduced civil service exams to the empire. The candidates for civil service were all male and came from the rural gentry class. Those who successfully completed the exam were referred to as scholar-gentry. Buddhism’s influence rose even more during the Tang and helped China reached a pinnacle for poetry and sculpture. Silk Road trade increased dramatically under the Tang, although maritime trade still played a critical role in the empire’s economy. Even through all of these accomplishments, the Tang created their own demise. Various problems arose from inside the central government and eventually lead to a revolt. The revolution was suppressed but China never fully recovered. The government control of the landlords had significantly weakened and the nomads north of China saw their opportunity to invade. These factors along with a speculated drought lead to the end of the Tang Dynasty in 907. China entered a period of turmoil after the end of the Tang Dynasty, similar to the period that occurred in between the Han and Sui Dynasties. The only difference is that the period after the Tang did not last as long. In 960, Song Taizu managed to sign the majority of the military commanders that brought an end to the Tang into a cooperative agreement. The commanders in the northwestern region and in Tibet did not take part in the cooperative. China lost its control over Tibet as a result. Song Taizu decided to move the capital to Kaifeng to decrease the risk of a hostile takeover of the capital. The Khitan people from the north were unable to be contained which lead to Song Taizu moving the capital again, this time further south to Hangzhou. Civil service exams initiated during the Tang came to full fruition under the Song. Buddhism lost its power and influence to give rise to State Confucianism. Private commerce was a major aspect of the Song Dynasty and allowed for greater economic expansion and prosperity. All was well until the Jurchen from Manchuria forced the Song Dynasty to pay tributes. As a means of protection and retaliation against the Jurchen, the Song formed an alliance with the nomadic people from the Gobi Desert, the Mongols. After the Mongols defeated the Jurchen they turned their attention towards and conquered the Song Dynasty in 1279. The Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties built on top of each other for a better version of traditional China. They also each single-handedly made a contribution to the development of the country as a whole. The Sui had the Great Canal, the Tang developed the diplomatic relations, and the Song expanded economically. All of three dynasties and their accomplishments helped lay the ground for today’s China.

Friday, November 8, 2019

DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER Essays - Ethics, Applied Ethics

DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER Essays - Ethics, Applied Ethics DEFINITION OF A STAKEHOLDER Sparked by the labor movement, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has only been in existence since the 1950's. Society began to expect companies to accept additional social responsibilities outside of the fundamental business functi ons, including being profitable. Starting in the 1960's and 1970's, the civil rights movement and environmental protection agencies influenced the way consumers looked at businesses. Consumers believed that those with great power also had great responsibility to positively influence people, the environment, and society. Businesses were called on to help solve global problems, aimed at making the world a cleaner, safer, and more productive place. This view was based on the concept that businesses should extend beyond their required economic and legal responsibilities to accept ethical, moral, and discretionary responsibilities in order to improve society. This view became the foundation for what we know in today's business world as Corporate Social Responsibility. In order to completely understand the context of Corporate Social Responsibility, you must first understand the role of stakeholders for an organization. The next section will describe the role of stakeholders. There are several definitions. The most common ones are: Those groups without whose support the or ganization would cease to exist. Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement o f the organization's objectives. T he individuals or groups that have an interest in the organization and are affected by its actions . Stakeholders can: a ffect a business , b e affected by a business , b e both affected by a business and affect a business . We can see from these definitions that a lot of people can be a stakeholder to an organisation . The most common groups who we consider to be stakeholders include: Managers Employees Customers Investors Shareholders Suppliers Board of directors Owners Government agencies Unions Political groups The media and others Then there are some more generic groups who are often included: Government Society at large The local community Within the broad spectrum of stakeholders, stakeholders can be broken into two different groups: primary stakeholders and secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders have a vested interest in how the organization performs and the actions it engages in to conduct business. Examples of these types of stakeholders are customers, employees, suppliers, board of directors, owners, and shareholders . Primary stakeholders directly affect the success and failure of the company. Secondary stakeholders can influence, both positively and negatively, the actions of the organization. They indirectly affect the organization by taking actions to make it difficult for the organization to succeed or by supporting the organization's efforts. Examples of secondary stakeholders are government agencies, regulation agencies, trade unions, labor unions, political groups, social groups, and the media . One of the primary functions of a business is to serve the needs of its stakeholders, also known as stakeholder responsibility. However, more and more businesses are taking this responsibility one step further by seeking out ways to address global issues to ultimately make the world a better place. These actions are referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Many people consider that only people can be stakeholders to an organisation . Some people extend this and say that the environment can be affected by organisational activity. These effects of the organisation's activities can take many forms, such as: the utilisation of natural resources as a part of its production processes the effects of competition between itself and other organisations in the same market the enrichment of a local community through the creation of employment opportunities transformation of the landscape due to raw material extraction or waste product storage the distribution of wealth created within the firm to the owners of that firm (via dividends) and the workers of that firm (through wages) and the effect of this upon the welfare of individuals pollution caused by increased volumes of traffic and in creased journey times because of those increased volumes of traffic Thus many people also consider that there is and additional stakeholder to an organisation , namely: t he environment . As we will see in the next chapter the actions of an organisation have a big effect upon future possibilities. It

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

KAISER Surname Meaning and Family History

KAISER Surname Meaning and Family History The Kaiser surname means king or ruler, from the Middle High German keiser, meaning emperor. Originating from the Latin name Caesar, this name was often given to individuals who played the part of King in local plays and pageants year after year - a popular pastime during the middle ages. The name may also have been given to one with a kingly appearance or manner. The phrase The Kaiser is considered synonymous with the Kaiser emperors of the Austrian Empire (1804–1835)- Franz I, Ferdinand I, Franz Joseph I, and Karl I- and emperors of the German empire (1871–1918)- Wilhelm I, Friedrich III and Wilhelm II. Surname Origin:  German Alternate Surname Spellings:  KEISER, KEYSER, KISER, KYSER, KIZER, KYZER Famous People with the KAISER Surname Henry J. Kaiser  - American industrialistFrederik Kaiser  - Dutch astronomerReinhard Keiser -  Ã‚  German composer Where is the KAISER Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the  Kaiser surname is most common in Liechtenstein ranking as the countrys 25th most common surname. It is also popular in Germany (ranked 30th), Austria (50th) and Switzerland (89th).  WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicates the surname is especially common in the Ostschweiz region of Switzerland, particularly in Sankt Gallen. It is also prevalent throughout southern Germany, especially in the regions of Baden-Wà ¼rttemberg, Hessen and Rheinland-Pfalz. Surname maps from Verwandt.de  indicate the  Kaiser last name is most common in southwestern Germany and western Germany, especially in the counties or cities of Waldshut, Esslingen, Cologne, Offenbach, Stuttgard and Hochsauerlandkreis.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname KAISER Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Kaiser Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Kaiser  family crest or coat of arms for the Kaiser surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. The Kaiser DNA ProjectIndividuals with the  Kaiser surname, or variants such as Kizer, Kiser, Kyser, Kyzer, Keyser, or Keiser, are invited to join this DNA Project to work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information.  The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. KAISER  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Kaiser  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - KAISER  GenealogyExplore over 1.3  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Kaiser surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. KAISER Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Kaiser surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - KAISER Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Kaiser. GeneaNet - Kaiser  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Kaiser surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Kaiser Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Kaiser surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Sunday, November 3, 2019

IT Governance Project in Geneva Industrial Services Essay

IT Governance Project in Geneva Industrial Services - Essay Example This case study of The Geneva Industrial Services (Services Industriels de Genà ¨ve, SIG) gives a good example of the IT Governance project. SIG is a state-owned organisation that renders services in electricity, gas, heating, energy and drinking water supplying; as well as in used water and waste processing and improvement, and telecommunications. This IT Governance case study is focused on the innovative electricity Distribution Management System (DMS), introduced in the organisation. The case study is based upon the project presentation of Glassey at the e-CASE International Conference in Singapore (Glassey 2009) and on the report describing the SEAM method, which is laid at the heart of the SIG’s DMS (Wegmann et al. 2008). IT Governance is ‘a framework for the leadership, organisational structures and business processes, standards and compliance to these standards, which ensure that the organisation’s IT supports and enables the achievement of its strategies and objectives’. As it was mentioned above, this IT Governance project in SIG was mostly aimed at the reorganisation of processes and systems in order to separate distribution and commercialisation activities in the company’s electricity distribution management system (DMS). This in its turn would enable the company to comply with the new Swiss law (Glassey 2009). In the area of electrical and electronic technologies the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading organization for international standards.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Business management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business management - Essay Example While, the list of functional areas that exist within a business is extensive and also reliant upon the nature of an organization, its scale and the industry in which it operates, the primary functional areas of a business can be classified as: human resources, administration, production, finance and marketing and sales (Carysforth and Neild 2000). Consequently, organizations that operate in the information technology industry may have a dedicated IT department while, manufacturing industries may finance the establishment of a research and development department in addition with the primary functional areas that have been identified in the paper. Accordingly, the focus of the paper is dedicated towards an examination of the functions of human resources and administration which are two distinct functional areas of business that interest me the most as a student of business management. According to Sims (2007) the business landscape of the twenty-first century is marked by the growing importance of human resources as a pivotal component of organizations. ... These aspects include the procedures of recruitment, selection, training and development, learning, motivation, complying by labor laws and ensuring that health and safety regulations are met. Therefore, my role as a human resources manager would be designed to successfully meet the stated purposes of the human resources function. This would involve the management of the entire HR system which constitutes of the recruitment process and employee dismissal, examination of employee performance to design appropriate benefits and compensation packages and the initiation of comprehensive employee engagement, training and development measures to enhance individual potential (Chuang and Liao 2010). An interesting observation with regards to the assessment of the functional areas of business is that each and every department is provided with a distinct purpose and direction which is much unique and different from that of the other. However, the administration function is the only area of an o rganization which serves a wider purpose by assisting the operations of human resources, finance, marketing and production departments amongst others. With the introduction of diversified concepts such as organizational innovation and knowledge management with respect to business operations, the significance of establishing a comprehensive administrative system under the administration function has been augmented. Liao and Wu (2010) classify the development of an administrative system as a part of an organization’s process of innovation which is pivotal to the success of today’s business. The fact that the administration department is

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Buddhism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhism - Research Paper Example Buddhism is among the few leading religions. This religion started about 2, 600 years ago in India. Sakya is believed to have started it is a prince of the tribe called Siddhartha Gautama (Kozak, 2011). The basic teachings of Buddha came from the time he became enlightened after a certain farmer had beaten his ox in a grazing field. Buddha wondered why the farmer had beaten up his ox and why a living thing like an animal ought to feed on another creature in order to survive (Kozak, 2011). He was able to discover three prominent marks of reality. Everything that exists is due to conversion from one form to another. Nothing new has been formed, or nothing destroyed completely but simply changed (Kozak, 2011). If man destroys something around the environment, he is destroying himself. Buddha was aware of this truth. For this reason, Buddhists did not kill animals (Kozak, 2011). This is a universal truth that he strongly believed. Everything is constantly changing, and this is the reason why there is a different history from the life that is lived now. People and other living things die out and are being replaced by others. The environment also changes from one state to another (Kozak, 2011). He also believes in constant transformation, and the universe, which is stated as karma. Nothing ever takes place in our lives unless we ought to have it. The measure of what we receive either good or bad is exactly what we earn. This is a lesson that teaches individuals to create a bright future (Kozak, 2011). He believes that suffering is common to all. Everyone gets to suffer from life situations that make us unhappy. The reasons for these sufferings are due to people’s ignorance and greed. Every person should enjoy life without being greedy. In order to do this, all the greediness and ignorance should be cut off entirely (Kozak,

Monday, October 28, 2019

Toyotas Management Philosophy

Toyotas Management Philosophy The Toyota Way describes the 14 principles that form the foundation of this uniquely successful management style. Using profiles of a diverse group of organizations, from a variety of industries, it demonstrates how this model of success can be applied in any organization, to improve the quality, efficiency, and speed of any business process, including sales, product development, marketing, logistics, and management. This blueprint of Toyotas management philosophy offers managers in blue-collar, white-collar, manufacturing, or service environments specific tools and methods for becoming the best in their industries on cost, quality, and service.   Principle 1: Management decisions should be based on a long-term philosophy, even is short-term financial goals may suffer. Principle 2: Create constant process flow to bring predicaments to the surface. Principle 3: Employ pull systems to evade overproduction. Principle 4: Balance out the workload (heijunka)-work similar to the tortoise, not the hare. Principle 5: Construct a culture of ending fix problems, to get excellence right the first time. Principle 6: Consistent tasks are the basis for continuous development as well as employee empowerment. Principle 7: Make use of visual control so that no problems are concealed. Principle 8: Employ only reliable, carefully tested technology that complements your people along with processes. Principle 9: Grow leaders who systematically understand the work, comprehend the philosophy, and train others with it. Principle 10: Increase exceptional people with teams who go along the companys philosophy. Principle 11: Value your extended set of connections of partners and suppliers by testing them and helping them develop. Principle 12: See for yourself to meticulously appreciate the circumstances (genchi genbutsu). Principle 13: Formulate decisions little by little by consensus, thoroughly considering all options: put into practice decisions quickly (nemawashi). Principle 14: Grow to be a learning organization through persistent reflection (hansei) and nonstop improvement (kaizen). While Jim Collins describes in his book, Good to Great his concepts of people and leaders. Level 5 Leadership the Level 5 Leaders are not the types which are charismatic and media. Chances are youve by no means heard of them. They are seen as humble, self-effacing as well as more concerned about the success of the company than their individual accomplishment. First Who, Then What Through a bus analogy, Collins argues that great companies first get talented people on the bus, then settle on where to drive it. As stated by to Collins, the right people are your largely important asset. Confront the Brutal Facts but Yet Never Lose Faith Those Good to Great companies continue unwavering faith that they can as well as will prevail in the end, in spite of of the difficulties, and all at once have the discipline to deal with the most brutal truths of their current reality no matter what that might be. The Hedgehog Concept also known as Simplicity within the Three Circles The Good-to-Great companies do what they be able to do best (as opposed to what they desire to do best), what they are deeply zealous about, and they center on what guides their economic engine. A Culture of Discipline containing a disciplined culture is the other extreme of having a controlled one. Hierarchy, bureaucracy, if not excessive control is not needed. Technology No one in the Good To Great executives position technology as their top 5 drivers. No one of them jumped on the .com bandwagon due to panic. All of them took a careful approach as to how technology can be of great help to them to do what they do well much more. There are so many genuine insights seen in this book. Understand that Collins has no intention to be revolutionary. He is simply reporting data. The proposition is if you could model these significant factors, your company could as well reach the level of vastness. The 5th Level Leader 5th Level Leaders contain a combination of strong will plus personal humility. The 5th Level Leader shows an unwavering resolution and sets the benchmark for building great companies. In equilibrium, he demonstrates a forceful modesty, relies on inspired standards in addition to channels ambition keen on the company, and not into the character. Comparing the two, they are similar in some ways. Collins and Liker both understand how to develop its own business. One of their similarities is their concept of people running the business. They see very good people running the operations to sales as one of their asset. However, there are some differences on how the two authors value business. In his book, Good To Great, Jim Collins describes the business strategies of both successful and unsuccessful firms. Successful CEOs evolve innovative, wealth-creating plans that are long-lived, accommodate flexibility and change, and are firmly rooted in providing genuine value to customers. The unsuccessful CEOs tend to employ quick fix strategies doomed to be short-lived. In his book, The Toyota Way, Jeffrey K. Liker describes Toyotas preeminent form of lean manufacturing the Toyota Production System (TPS). Liker acknowledges that firms can boost productivity in the short term by implementing TPS tools. But long-term sustainability critically depends on what he terms the Toyota Way, which is Toyotas management commitment to invest in its people and promote a continuous-improvement culture. Liker contends that if a company does not understand the culture behind TPS, even though it has all the tools and techniques of TPS in place, the real work of implementing lean has just begun. Essentially, TPS is about applying the principles of the Toyota Way so that workers are contributing to the improvement of the system and of themselves. The Toyota Way encourages, supports, and demands employee involvement, for it is people who carry the system to life by means of working, communicating, resolving issues, also growing together. Thus, it is a culture even more than a set of efficiency and improvement techniques. Based on the authors 20 years of studying Toyota, he offers 14 principles that constitute the Toyota Way and form the basis of the culture behind TPS. For ease of understanding, he divides these principles into the four categories-Philosophy, Process, People/Partners, and Problem Solving-that correlate to the four high-level principles (genchi genbutsu, kaizen, respect, and teamwork) explained in Toyotas own internal Toyota Way training document. The idea of understanding that drives action is one way to put it. Good to great companies worked to understand at a deep level what made their company work, and by continually looking for new answers to the question, they developed the momentum to breakthrough into greatness Their leaders understood success was not about themselves as a person, but about the success of their company. They understood that the right people in the right seats on the bus make all the difference. They understood the importance of finding the truth and acting on it in the form of facing the brutal facts of reality, while maintaining unwavering faith that they would succeed. They understood that tapping passion, extraordinary competence, and the key economic driver builds progressive momentum. They understood the discipline of staying focused on the essentials and stopping the distractions. They understood technology is best used to accelerate momentum, not to create it. Finally, they understood that greatness comes from sustained commitment to disciplined people, disciplined thinking, and disciplined action that creates breakthrough momentum. Such understanding requires the integrated whole of the principles illustrated in this book. The challenge to all is to embody these principles, and by so doing, to live them out in everyday actions and interactions. By so doing, greatness, or even further greatness, awaits.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Go Ask Alice :: essays research papers

The 1970s was a time of change. A time of revolution. War was the topic of nearly all conversations and sex and drugs were on everyone’s minds. While boogie fever swept dance floors, young men were sent off to die in a war that they could never win. Richard Nixon was in office and his scandal was to influence politics for years to come. The bright blue bell-bottom pants with the pink and orange flowers sewed on were the coolest thing†¦oh excuse me, I mean the â€Å"grooviest† thing to have. Big cars were the big thing and inflation was as â€Å"high† as the teenagers smoking pot and shooting heroin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This was the 1970s. Alice of â€Å"Go Ask Alice† would have been greatly influenced by this era of time. Although she had cleaned up her act, Alice most likely would have had trouble resisting the temptation provided by her peers to smoke, make love, and have the time of her life. Although one cannot say that for sure. Counseling also became much more readily available to people afflicted with addictions. So, maybe Alice would have been okay. There’s no way to really tell. One can be certain though that with her steadfast and determined way of thinking, she probably would have been protesting the Vietnam War from the very start and the right of nuclear power plants to be in operative mode. She probably would have thought President Nixon to be one of the biggest moron ever to live, and she most likely would have been out on the streets. Not living the life of an addicted druggie though, but rather counseling others on how to clean up their acts and ge t on with their lives. I think Alice would have made a really good life for herself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of course, these weren’t the only things going on during the seventies. Everyone always thinks of the above mentioned obvious events. I mean, the 70s were the Sex Revolution, and the Drug Revolution, and the Protest Revolution era of time. Everyone knows that. But other things occurred during this troublesome decade that would have affected and even re-molded many lives, including Alice. For example, many other wars were breaking out and many others were beginning to cool off. The Yom Kippur War began in 1973 while the Cold War was ceasing between the US, the Soviet Union and China. The terrorist act at the 1972 Munich Olympics shocked many people and the OPEC oil embargo in 1973 had a great impact on society.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Capital Budgeting Case Essay

This week, Learning Team C, has completed capital budgeting on Corporation A and Corporation B. We were given $250,000.000 to acquire a corporation. We decided to choose Corporation B. To ensure that our decision was the best, this week, we defined, analyzed, and interpreted the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return for both Corporations. We made the decision based on more financial sense. Below, we have outlined our decision making process. Defined What we have done first to help define our Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return was to project 5 years in advance the income and cashflow would potentially look like. Understanding that Corporation A has a ten percent discount rate each year and Corporation B has an eleven percent discount rate, Learning Team C was able to an income statement and cashflow statement defining the detailed financial statements on how our company would operate the two corporations. The next step in our decision making process would be to analyze what we have detailed. Analyze generate To be able to compare the two corporations the team reviewed the projected cash flows for each corporation. What the team learned was that both corporations had a negative Net Present Value, Corporation A NPV is $-966.580.90, whereas B is $-633, 959, 95. Reviewing this report Team C identified that Corporation B began to generate revenue in the coming fourth and fifth years. In addition to the revenue turning over, but so did Corporation B’s Cashflow. Corporation B began to see cashflow by the fourth and fifth year. The team has analyzed, that as the corporation continues to grow due to the Net Present Value. The next step would be to interpret what we just analyzed. Interpret How Learning Team C came up in choosing Corporation B was through the Net Present Value. Corporation B will be giving the company, over five years, a current value cash return of approximately $-633, 959, 95 above the eleven  percent return. In conclusion, making it the more favorable choice. Conclusion This week Learning Team C has defined, analyzed, and interpreted two corporations by completing a capital budgeting exercise. They have agreed that Corporation B would be the company that they would acquire from a business standpoint. Net Present Value was used to help influence and determine this decision.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

The Measurement of Student Engagement

While there is limited research on engagement in adult literacy contexts across researchers, the literature shows a vast number of researchers have studied student engagement. The definitions and descriptions of student engagement are broad and range from engagement as ‘participation' in school as a social system (Finn, 1989; Newmann, 1981; Newmann, Wehlage, & Lamborn, 1992), to the concept that engagement is a cognitive function used during certain academic tasks (Corno & Mandinach, 1983; Helme & Clark, 2001; Pintrich & De Groot, 1990). More recently, student engagement has been built around the optimistic goal of developing students' abilities to ‘learn how to learn' or to become lifelong learners in a knowledge-based society (Gilbert, 2007, p. 1). Therefore, it is clear there is no ‘one' universal agreement among researchers as to what a definition of student engagement might be. Researchers have instead explained different forms of engagement and how they work for different students under different conditions (Kuh, 2009).For example, Kuh (2009) defines student engagement as â€Å"the time and effort students devote to activities that are empirically linked to desired outcomes of college and what institutions do to induce students to participate in these activities† (p. 683). Coates (2007) describes engagement as a â€Å"broad construct intended to encompass salient academic as well as certain non-academic aspects of the student experience† (p. 22), comprising: Active and collaborative learning; participation in challenging academic activities; formative communication with academic staff; involvement in enriching educational experiences; and feeling legitimated and supported by university learning communities. Hu and Kuh (2001) define engagement as â€Å"the quality of effort students themselves devote to educationally purposeful activities that contribute directly to desired outcomes† (p. 3). Comparably, Harper and Quaye, (2008) suggest engagement is more than involvement or participation and requires feelings, sense-making, and activity — as acting without feeling engaged is merely involvement or ‘compliance' and feeling engaged without acting is ‘dissociation'. Glanville and Wildhagen (2007) acknowledge there is a debate over the recognition of engagement being a single or multi-dimensional concept state. These authors conclude that â€Å"engagement should be measured as a multidimensional concept† (p. 1019) that is divided into behavioural and psychological segments. In recognising this ‘multi-dimensional' concept, Fredricks et al. (2004) drawing on Bloom (1956), identify three dimensions of student engagement that can be synthesised to gain a deeper and more meaningful grasp on student engagement: Cognitive, emotional, and behavioural.In looking at these categories, in turn, cognitive engagement includes two components; psychological and cognitive. The psychological component emphasises students' investment in learning, motivation to learn and self-regulated learning as it relates to thoughtfulness and a willingness to put in the effort to comprehend complex ideas and to master difficult skills (Blumenfeld, Kempler, & Krajcik, 2006). The cognitive component involves self-regulated learning, meta-cognition, application of learning strategies, and being strategic in thinking and studying. Cognitively engaged students invest in their learning, seek to go beyond the requirements and enjoy being challenged (Fredricks et al., 2004). In the adult literacy context, examples of cognitive engagement might include: The effort in understanding course material; completing assignments; critically analysing information; applying concepts to real-world examples; and deepening insights through research and interaction (Harper & Quaye, 2008). Emotional engagement comprises students' attitudes, interests, and values – mostly in relation to positive or negative interactions with faculty, staff, students, academics, or the institution. Students who engage emotionally experience affective reactions such as interest, excitement and enjoyment, or a sense of belonging (Fredricks et al., 2004). Emotional engagement also refers to a student's reactions to others, connections with the school community, and how students feel about their educational experience (O'Donnell, Reeve, ; Smith, 2011).Behavioural engagement involves complying with behavioural norms such as attendance, involvement and participation, student behaviours related to concentration, attention, persistence, effort, asking questions, and contributing to class discussions (Fredricks et al., 2004; Hattie ; Anderman, 2013). These students are typically not disruptive, nor do they demonstrate negative behaviour (Fredricks et al., 2004). In adult literacy, examples of behavioural engagement may include respecting others, listening to instructors and peers, engaging in discussions, and participating in group work or teams (Harper ; Quaye, 2008).Fredricks et al., (2004) explain that each of these three dimensions can have a ‘positive' and a ‘negative' pole, each one representing a form of engagement – with the two extremities separated by a space of non-engagement, demonstrated by withdrawal, or apathy. This means that students can engage either positively or negatively along one or more of the dimensions or engage positively or negatively along one or more dimension while not engaging along another or ‘others' (Fredricks et al., 2004).